The Nigerian Constitution in 1960 Essay - 1428 Words

The Nigerian Constitution in 1960 There appears to be a consensus among the rulers of Nigeria that the countrys Constitution needs review. The review is, in fact, going on and there is not much I can do about that. However, if given the balance of power in the country, a review is the only constitutional development possible at this stage, I would then pay attention to the general character and form of the Constitution rather than its specific contents, which à ± with regards to the power and welfare of the common people no mere review can change appreciably. I am therefore limiting myself to the general features of the present Constitution. But let me first make some clarifications. The Constitution of a sovereign state is, in essence,†¦show more content†¦More than 75,000 words were expended in putting together the document. By way of comparison, the Constitution of the United States of America with all its 27 or so amendments, covers 9,500 words; South Korea 13,000 words; former Soviet Union 15,000 words ; China 2000; and South Africa 50,000 words. This is very interesting: China, which is 10 times the size of Nigeria in population, has a constitution three per cent the volume of that of Nigeria; the United States of America with a little more than twice the population of Nigeria has a Constitution whose volume is 13 per cent that of Nigeria; and South Africa with a third of the population of Nigeria has a Constitution two-thirds the volume of that of Nigeria. Let us attempt a partial explanation. The American Constitution was a product of a revolution. It was the will of the victorious forces in the American Revolution. The Chinese Constitution was the product of a world historic revolution, the will of victorious revolutionary forces (1949); the South African Constitution (1996) was the product of a grand compromise between the apartheid forces, the international community and the revolutionary forces under the leadership of the African National Congress (ANC). The 1960 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria was a compromise between the British colonial power and the ruling blocs which emerged fromShow MoreRelatedThe And Ethnic Groups Of Nigeria913 Words   |  4 PagesIgbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, and Tiv 2.5%. British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa s most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition† (CIA, 2012). Nigeria’s culture reflects and represents allRead MoreRainy Season Of The Nigerian Climate1546 Words   |  7 PagesRainy Season The Nigerian climate produces an extensive rainy season across the country, with rains beginning in the southern, coastal areas of the country in late February to early March and traveling north, reaching most areas by early summer, with rain lasting through September. While the northern part of the country typically sees the highest rainfall during August, the coastal areas see the most precipitation in May, June and October. Dry Season Northern Nigeria has a dry season lasting fromRead MoreThe Effects of Military Governance in Nigeria Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesNigeria is an oil-rich state located in the eastern part of African. Since gaining independence in 1960, it has faced numerous regime changes. These fluctuations in stable governance have both positively and negatively affected the livelihood of the Nigerian people. The struggle for power has been a toss-up between civilian governments and militaristic dictators, each fighting to gain control of the lucrative oil reserves. As the military seeks to rid corruption from the ruling body, it has broughtRead MoreThe Conflict Between Tradition And Western Influence On Nigeria1665 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidering. But one aspect of Nigeria has proven itself to be rich, transformative, and long-lasting: literature. Nigeria has produced rich literature that shows the conflict between tradition and western influence as well as dividing war. Further, Nigerian literature answers to this clash with a call to reconciliation and balance of the two. A brief look into the history of Nigeria would be beneficial before considering the literary culture and history of the country. Nigeria contains the greatestRead Morerevenue allocation2619 Words   |  11 Pagesdeal of wealth in the country from the oil industry, 64% of the population lives below the poverty line. While the federal government takes over half of all the money in the Nigerian federal account, little has been done to promote welfare and development projects that would benefit the general public. According to the Nigerian Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission, a new revenue allocation formula is in the works, but it remains to be seen if these measures are enough to remedy theRead MoreThe Threat Of Boko Haram Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesIndependent from British ruling since 1960, Nigeria today still suffers from ethnical and religious divisions as well as unequal distribution of power and resources among its regions. A high degree of violence and in security has shaped Nigeria’s political framework since colonial times. The region is characterized by systematic human under-development and socio-political decay. By draining resources from development, terrorism creates an additional burden on the society and interferes with developmentRead MoreNigeria Is The Chronic Level Of Corruption1566 Words   |  7 Pagespervasive and destructive issues facing Nigeria is the chronic level of corruption. Africa’s most populous country with over 170 million people, modern Nigeria emerged from British colonialism gaining full independence in 1960. After many years of military rule, a 1999 constitution heralded a move to a civilian democratic government which has been in place ever since. (Africa:Nigeria, 2013) Nigeria is a resource rich nation with extensive reserves of oil and in fact, is Africa’s largest producer ofRead MoreA Brief Note On The Country Of Nigeria1584 Words   |  7 Pagesled to very violent acts of protest and the taking of thousands of innocent lives. These acts of terrorism by northern Nigerian Islam extremists are becoming much more frequent because of a rather newly created terrorist group, Boko Haram. The group is growing in power and most likely is not being shut down any time soon. There are many reasons for this, including many Nigerian citizens being in poverty, Nigeria’s corrupt government, and most crucial, religious conflict. Nigeria is a very diverseRead MoreColonialism in Nigeria1132 Words   |  4 Pagescolonialism by the British was more than subjugation; it extended to wresting control of the local economy from indigenous rulers. For instance, the British opposed the general development of plant oil plantations during their rule there (Aghalino, 23). Nigerians were not allowed to improve their methods nor market their goods freely and this not only handicapped their country but also effectually destroyed their power base; it weakened their ability and confidence in making decisions. It also rendered theirRead MoreIkea in Nigeria1187 Words   |  5 Pagesviolent uprisings within the nation. British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa s most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 19 99, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy

Sexual Education And Teen Pregnancy - 1238 Words

Sexual education need to be inforce more properly because it is causing a rapid growth in teen pregnancy and STD’S. Teen pregnancy is a female under the age of 20. Teen pregnancy is found more common between the ages of 13-18 years of age. Today there is over 250,000 teen mothers in the United States. The main reason for teen pregnancy is because of lack of sexual education, lack of safe sex, lack of support from the parents or guardians, lack of protection, and lack using of birth control. Sexual Education is a course taught at schools to teach students how to practice safe to prevent the spread of disease. Sexual education is a good course for all students to learn about because it teaches you how to prevent STD’S and the least favorite†¦show more content†¦Another thing that can cause teen pregnancy is lack of support from the parents which mean the parents can be one drugs , addiction to alcohol, divorce, family problem, financial problems, and they also may be facing sickness in the family and if the child do not feel that his or her child not getting enough support they will repeat the same pattern and follow the same footsteps as their parents which mean drugs, alcohol,and evently will result in pregnancy. Sexual intercoure is when a male erect penis goes into a female vagina. Withh this cause it haev the problem of having ejualation and orgasm this mean erections for men and orgasm for women. During pregnancies females can get disease such as zika virus, thyroid virus, Hyperthyroidism , diabetes, and hypertension. Zika virus is a disease that females get during pregnancies and for this disease to come among you a mosquito must have bitten the females somewhere in the body. Hyperthyroidism this is a disease that women get during pregnancies that leave a butterfly look rashes around the neck.Hyperthyroidism signs symptoms are rapid heart beating,sweating, cold fever, and fatigue. Pregnant women can get type 1 diabetes and type diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is when the pancreas is not functioning right and it is als when the pancreas is not producing enough insulin the treatment for this is insulin. Type 2 diabetes is when the pancreas is overworking itself and the cure for thisShow MoreRelatedSexu al Education : Teenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1509 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Education In the future Sexual Education courses will prevent teen pregnancy and teen abortions as well as educate students about factors that can affect life such as the deadly disease AIDS and other STD’s, inform youth about making smart choices about sex now and in the future, prevents accidental pregnancies, and assist in empowerment and awareness against sexual violence. According to the article â€Å"State Policies on Sex Education in Schools† only 15% of states offer sex education. That’sRead MoreHigh Teen Pregnancy Rate: Comprehensive Sex Education at Fault?1377 Words   |  6 Pageswho become pregnant each year in the United States. According to The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 34% percent of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20. Eight in ten of these teen pregnancies are unintended and 79% are to unmarried teens. There are many preliminary causes for such a high In Kizzy’s case, the blame is put on the lack of sexual education within her school. She claims that because she did not received adequate information on this subjectRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Should Be Pregnant Before The Age Of Twenty1504 Words   |  7 Pagesthe highest teen birth rate in the world, every year the United States experiences 610,000 teen pregnancies (Bleakly 2006). The figures show that three in ten adolescent girls will become pregnant before the age of twenty. People ages 15-24 represent 25 eighteen 70 percent of United States females, and 62 percent of males have had sex. About 3.2 million adolescent females are infected with the most common STI’s, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea (Bleakly 2006). The likelihood of teens having sex increasesRead MoreComprehensive Preparation For A Complete Life1068 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a Complete Life Teen pregnancy has been a serious social issue for quite a while. Often, a teen pregnancy is detrimental for both the teen and the child involved. Both a teen mother and her child are more susceptible to complications during the pregnancy and birth than and adult mother and her child. Unfortunately, a teen mother and her infant are also less likely to pursue and receive healthcare to alleviate these health risks (Teen Pregnancy). Moreover, â€Å"teen pregnancy is often cited as a factorRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, ReidRead MoreEssay about Teen Pregnancy Prevention 1164 Words   |  5 PagesMany methods can be used to prevent teenage pregnancy and can decrease the birthrate significantly. Doctors and parents play a key role in teen pregnancy preventions. Since teen birthrates are rising, teens have to have access to preventions in order for it to be effective. With having permission from a guardian to engage in preventions, children can prevent themselves from becoming a parent at such a young age. Parents should pr operly inform their child on the subject of sex and communicate withRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? High School?997 Words   |  4 Pageslike it or not, teenagers are having sex. Some schools don’t teach sexual education and because of that students are suffering. There’s no way to make teenagers not have sex but there is away to teach them about having safe sex, that is why I believe that we need to require sexual education be taught in high school. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, â€Å"Only 22 states require public schools to teach sex education (NCLS 2015).† With over 47 percent of high school students havingRead MoreEssay on Teen Pregnancy: More Education is Needed1174 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a rising factor throughout the world that’s caused by many unfortunate actions. Teenagers feel the need to engage in sexual activities due to peer pressure, violence and statutory rape. In some cases teens end up birthing their babies and in other cases they abort them. To help teens understand the consequences and reality of teen pregnancy, abstinence education and sex education can be introduced to steer teens in a better direction and help them to decide the appropriateRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Rates By Jacqueline Sedgwick s Article, American Adolescents And Emergency Contraceptive Pill Access843 Words   |  4 Pagesin America’s society today is teen pregnancy rat es. In fact, â€Å"teen sexual activity, pregnancy, and childbearing are associated with substantial social, economic, and health costs† (Sedgwick). However, this problem is not one without a solution. The rise of teen pregnancy rates can be prevented and reversed by providing better access to birth control for teens, eliminating the negative connotation that accompanies abstinence, and implementing more efficient sex education in public schools. One solutionRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : Education Is A Virtue851 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Pregnancy: Education Is A Virtue Dating back many centuries, teen pregnancy was the cultural norm where women as young as twelve are married off to men to conceive their children. Back then, it was acceptable for young women to bare a child once first menarche and have as many children as her body could bare. In today’s society, teen pregnancy is looked down upon, yet sexual appealing imagery is solicited throughout social media, television networks, magazines, and music. So how is it that

Leadership Succession Free Essays

Is it necessary for Citigroup to have a leadership succession plan? Why? Leadership succession planning is very important from two perspectives. First of all, it helps to select highly-potential candidates, who have strong leadership abilities and possess all necessary qualities to assume high administrative positions in the future. Besides, leadership succession plan also includes the measures on giving a wide range of learning, training and development opportunities for such individuals in order to improve their professional performance, proficiency, managerial abilities, leadership skills, and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Succession or any similar topic only for you Order Now Undoubtedly, if Citigroup does not pay attention on the situation around Sandy Weill right now, the company’s risk to be left without an effective leader will be increasing. Sandy Weill is a man over 70, and at this age his professional abilities as an executive can get worse at any time. That is why, I suppose, there is an urgent vital need for the company to select and start preparing someone who would be able to succeed Mr. Weill. 2. Who should have the responsibility of preparing a succession plan? For large organizations and corporations specialists suggest establishing special Leadership Planning Boards, which would carry out the main activities on leadership succession planning. Such activities have to include identifying critical positions, establishing criteria and identifying the best candidates (at least two for one position), reviewing and monitoring their professional progress and personal development, interviewing and evaluating every candidate and coming up with some conclusions and suggestions. Undoubtedly, such departments as Business Human Resources Units or Corporate Human Resources Departments have to be also involved in leadership succession planning process. They have to assist Leadership Planning Boards and give all necessary information about potential candidates. Top managers from Board of Directors or Chief Officers have to take all the responsibilities on supervising and controlling the effectiveness of leadership succession planning process (Tennessee Valley Authority, 2000). 3. Should the succession plan include insiders? Outsiders? Or both? I think that it is preferable for any company or organization to select the candidates from the insiders. If there are qualified and talented managers, who worked and had opportunity to develop together with the company for some time, they are certainly better aware of the specifics of company’s business, strategies of management, organizational culture and traditions, etc. Moreover, they could already win some reputation and respect of the employees; therefore, they are potentially effective leaders or top managers. But there can be a situation when there are good outside candidates, who had no experience of working with the company. In such case, I suppose, it is necessary not only to interview such candidates and estimate their potential effectiveness, but also involve them into business activities of the company as soon as possible. I strongly believe that working closely with the leaders and learning more and more from them is a key factor for good performance of any successor. 4. Why do executives such as Weill avoid the succession issue? I think that Mr. Weill can have some personal reasons for doing this. Possibly, he does not take leadership succession as a reality or does not want someone to be on his back. Maybe he assumes any succession plan as the necessity of his resignation or as a sign of lack of trust from his colleagues. There’s also probability that he is trying to avoid all succession plan initiatives in order to prove own competence and uniqueness. Nevertheless, I believe that this situation is not a typical one, especially for such huge organizations as Citigroup. Usually, top managers and executives demonstrate concern about their organizations and get actively involved in succession planning. They can point on some possible successors, work with them, train and promote them in order to prepare such candidates for taking higher positions and make them understand, what the organization requires to remain successful. References: Leadership/Succession Planning. (2000) Tennessee Valley Authority. Retrieved June 29, 2007, from: http://www.tva.gov/foia/readroom/policy/prinprac/intstaffplan1.htm. Ritter, J. (2003, April 15) Succession Planning: A Tool for Success. The Galt Global Review. Galt Western Personnel Ltd. Retrieved June 29, 2007, from: http://www.galtglobalreview.com/business/succession.html . How to cite Leadership Succession, Essay examples

Sustainable Business Development-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Define the Concept of a Business Model. Answer: Business model is a portrait of a companys framework of business operation. It states the methods of revenue generation of a company. It is one of the important things for a startup company to form before product development. It often shows the factors about the operation of the company. It can also be the selling of products or services, changing subscription fee, and many more to generate revenue. It is often confused with the business plan. Business model is a part of business plan, where business plan is a much bigger concept (Bocken et al. 2014). The essay is comprised of different definition of business model followed by a brief discussion of e-business model archetype, business model as an activity system and a business model as cost revenue architecture. A brief explanation of the term business context and an argument is drawn with an example. Use of these conceptualized business models in solving static and dynamic problems is also highlighted in the following. The term business model is used to explain the key components of a business. According to Teece, the success of an organization is contingent upon its business model. It is the hypothesis of the customers demand and the organizations approach in meeting them and making high margin of profit out of it. Chesbrough and Rosenbloom summed up the definition as the way of articulating the value proposition, selection of appropriate technology and features, identification of target market segments, defining the structure of the value chain and estimating the cost structure and profit potential (Mishra and Zachary 2014). E-business model archetypes describe 7 abstract business model archetypes from which every single business model in inherited. A holistic view of the possibilities is represented in the course. All the 7 abstracts of business model archetypes are combined and put under 2 categories that are primary and secondary archetypes which in turn can be related to different business matching their criteria (Plenter et al. 2017). The primary archetype is comprised of product, service and trade. The product develops a tangible good and sells on a one-time fee basis. It requires a high up-front sunk capital, but is able to leverage economies of scale. There are two hallmarks of a product which are properties and online prototypes. The properties comprise of the features like sell of one-time fee, up-front investment and highly scalable, whereas, the online prototypes comprises of content product and software product. Second primary archetype is the service where intangible work for a client is mo netized on a per-use basis. It is characterized by low sunk costs but high float cost requirements. The technicians and professionals with limited capital and expert knowledge prefers it. High float or low sunk cost, intangible value creation, service agency and platform as a service are the hallmarks of service. The last but not the least, trade archetype is to provide the products the prospective customers seek and make profit on the spread between sell price and cost of acquisition. It seeks good sourcing connection and moderate capital. Brokerage, marketplace, ecosystem and subscription are categorized under secondary archetypes. The use of brokerage archetype is to source on behalf of a client for a retainer or per-transaction fee. On the other hand, marketplace creates a platform that facilitates trade, not the actual trading. It depends on bringing together the sufficient demand and supply. It is a tertiary archetype of, which brings together all the three primary archetypes. It is the most difficult of all archetypes to achieve. Subscription archetypes are a popular mixture of a service and a product. The most frequent examples are software as content and a service. It replaces the bulk purchase cost with monthly subscription in low cost. It is a profitable way to reduce the up-front cost. For the business, if reduces the up-front cost and the dependency upon a marketplace (Fielt 2013). E-book archives are the best examples of this kind. This particular business model helps in analyzing and describing the function of an organization within the overall market landscape. The details like target customer base, business input and dependence and value creation on behalf of the customers can be obtained from these business models. These models are often useful in solving the strategic disputes, strength, opportunity, and weakness identification by comparing the attributes of other organizations using similar model. Zott and Amit suggests that the Activity System supplements the firm to concert with its partners, which in turn will create value and appropriate a share of that value. Basing on the empirical and theoretical research, it can be suggested that, two there are two possible sets of parameters that activity system designers need to consider. They are themes that describe the sources of the activity systems value creation and elements that explain the architecture of an activity system. (Zott, Amit and Massa 2011). This model helps in analyzing the code of conduct of a business and how the factors are linked with product markets. It contributes in addressing all the important issues in management, provide a conceptual toolbox in addressing the problems, and engage in insightful dialogue and creative design. Revenue architecture is the building blocks of revenue growth of a company. Business model can be connected with the cost or revenue architecture in the area of sale and marketing. Revenue architecture according to Zott is used for technology management and innovation scholars interested in explaining the mechanism that allows an organization to commercialize technological innovation. It helps a business align their marketing and sales value chain and drive revenue performance. Buyers in present times are self educated about the web and expect a unified experience across channels. The organizations need a more integrated revenue architecture which blends right strategies, program and system. Using the multi-affiliated model, different design, strategy, technology and media are brought together for todays new marketing challenges. Business context is used in expressing business problem and proposes the goodness and scope of the project. It also indentifies the significant persons in the organization with key role in the business domain or in a business process. The interested areas which are relevant to scope of the work and to bring potential change which require exploration and further analysis are also identified. It is needed to kick-start a project or to correct the context models through the project. It depends on the need or style of the project. There are various contexts diagrams used by various organizations such as current state, future state, environment diagram, network diagram, business process diagrams, system diagrams, relationship maps, organization chart and many more (Saidani, Rolland and Nurcan 2015). So, eventually, every business needs to undergo changes in course of time in their business mode. The company under study is an US based international e-business named eBay. Like any other companies in the industry, eBays depends on technology and expansion into foreign market. It is basically a service company who offers a platform for the seller and the buyer which is unique in character for which the company earns a portion of the profit. The forum has created value for the network members, through which, the company broaden their business relationship, which ensured their longtime survival. As the company doesnt have to spend for traditional warehousing, returns, shipping and overstock, it gets easier for them to increase their profit margin. The company occupies 80% of the online-auction market. Their primary competitor is Amazon whos model has a the high chances of cost of sales and achieves a gross profit of only 24%. It is clear that the company under study surpluses Amazons profit three times (stjohns.edu 2017). Value chain is used to identify the business activities nec essary to create value and competitive advantage to the business. As the massive scale of eBay business operations, the economic scale for the company is under the major source of value in inbound logistics. Strong customer relationship base is also the key source of value in eBays inbound logistics. As mention, eBay has a strong technological base that carries out the operations of the company. The outbound logistics of the company is to ship products to the customers. They constantly need to regulate and monitor the system. The marketing and sales expenses are low compared to their competitors in the market. From the above value chain analysis, it can be spotted that the company requires bringing change in their value chain. The problems that is currently faced by the company is the dependence of the business on a range of products and services controlled by competitors such as Google, an overall business model and an absence of the companys own distribution. It is a weakness for the company that needs prior attention to faces challenges from their major competitors like Amazon (iosrjournals.org 2017). This change will again impact their current service archetype model which will require changes according to the change in value chain. It can be concluded from the above essay, that the business models that are available in the market are industry specific. Different industry requires different business model for getting success. A detailed theoretical description is given in the essay and the use of the models has been given in brief. The proper model used in proper settings can bring success to the business. For example, the model of the highlighted company can be related with the service archetype model of the theory that was explained above. The business context and changes required in a business is highlighted at the last part of the essay with example drawn from eBay, an international e-commerce business. The current value chain of the company is properly described with explanation of the changes required in the value chain, which will result in modification of their service model archetype. References Bocken, N.M.P., Short, S.W., Rana, P. and Evans, S., 2014. A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, pp.42-56. Fielt, E., 2013. Conceptualising business models: Definitions, frameworks and classifications.Journal of Business Models,1(1), p.85. iosrjournals.org. (2017).online marketplace. [online] Available at: https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/ies-mcrc-volume-2/17.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Mishra, C.S. and Zachary, R.K., 2014. Business Model Theory. InThe Theory of Entrepreneurship(pp. 227-250). Palgrave Macmillan US. Plenter, F., Fielt, E., Hoffen, M., Chasin, F. and Rosemann, M., 2017. Repainting the business model canvas for peer-to-peer sharing and collaborative consumption. Saidani, O., Rolland, C. and Nurcan, S., 2015, January. Towards a generic context model for BPM. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4120-4129). IEEE. stjohns.edu. (2017).ebay analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.stjohns.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Tobin/smif-ug-ebay.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Zott, C., Amit, R. and Massa, L., 2011. The business model: recent developments and future research.Journal of management,37(4), pp.1019-1042.